解析:这份报告详细给出了各治疗的具体药物名称、剂量、间隔等,并且治疗方案的更换都有原因陈述,即疾病进展了。
(十)CARE条目10——随访和结局
(10a)临床医生和患者评估的结果(如果有);
(10b)重要的后续诊断和其他测试结果;
(10c)干预的依从性和耐受性,以及如何评估的;
(10d)不良和预期之外的事件。
条目10的报告不符合的情况也不罕见,要么是没有报告随访和结局,要么是报喜不报忧——没有任何关于不良反应的描述。这样一来,读者便不知道有没有随访,最后患者怎样了,这个方案到底安不安全,获得的信息是不完整的。
良好报告示范[19] :
Erlotinib was re-administered in March, 2017 and has achieved a partial response for 26 months and he continued to benefit from erlotinib as of this writing (Figure 1F, 2). The entire treatment time line and adverse events reported by the patient during the course of the treatment are summarized in Table S1.
解析:作者一直随访到撰稿时间点为止,给出了随访结局即partial response,并且用表格详细汇总了不良反应和对应的无疾病进展期时长。
(十一)CARE条目11——讨论
(11a)对本病例报告的优点和局限性进行科学讨论;
(11b)引用参考文献以展开对相关医学文献的讨论;
(11c)给出结论的科学依据,包括对可能原因的评估;
(11d)用一个无参考文献的段落来给出结论,说明本病例报告的主要启示。
条目11最常见的一个问题就是作者不写局限性。一些作者写了局限性,但经常回避要害,只谈及一些皮毛的不足或只提及所有病例报告难以避免的回顾性和样本量问题,而没有涉及实质内容层面的讨论。
欠佳报告示范[20] :
There are methodological limitations, as like most of the case reports, in terms of the retrospective nature of the report and the fact that it lacks the power for generalization.
解析:这份报告只谈及研究是回顾性的以及单个病例外推性不足的问题,说得都对,但内容层面没有阐述。
良好报告示范[21] :
A limitation of this study is that plasma concentrations of rosuvastatin and its metabolites were not measured. However, the adherence of the patient to the prescribed treatment was ensured using a validated adherence questionnaire and regular follow-up calls.
解析:谈及最核心的局限性——没有测量罗苏伐他汀及其代谢物的血浆浓度。
良好报告示范[22] :
Our study found a very rare CFHR3-CFHR1 copy number gain as the cause of atypical HUS. However, our study has some limitations. First, a functional study was not performed on the discovered mutations. In addition, the mechanism of how CFHR3- CFHR1 copy number gain generated atypical HUS could not be revealed. Second, although no family member with similar symptoms was found, it is a limitation of our study that genetic testing of the family members was not performed because of that.
解析:这份报告客观报告了几个主要的局限性——没有对发现的突变体行功能研究,机制不清,没有对家族成员也进行基因检测。
良好报告示范[23] :
A potential limitation of this case series is the lack of long-term follow-up data for the first patient who showed evidence of progression of NSCLC on first surveillance imaging after starting lorlatinib. While many severe cases of DI-ILD occur acutely, reports of long- term safety data will be important in the future to assess the potential for delayed adverse events secondary to lorlatinib.
解析:这份报告缺乏第一个患者的长期随访数据的局限性。
即便笔者将上述三个案例划作“良好报告示范”类别,这几个案例也并非完美。在局限性的基础上,再给出这些局限性可能给结果、结论带来的影响和不确定性会更好。另外,还可以给出解决这些局限性的具体方案。
参考文献(向上滑动阅读)
[20]Mak SKD,Chan NCD,Nolan CP. Post-op lumbar subdural hygroma:a case report[J]. J Spine Surg,2021,7(2):244-248.
[21]Dagli-Hernandez C,de Freitas RCC,Marçal EDSR,et al. Late response to rosuvastatin and statin-related myalgia due to SLCO1B1,SLCO1B3,ABCB11,and CYP3A5 variants in a patient with Familial Hypercholesterolemia:a case report[J]. Ann Transl Med,2021,9(1):76.
[22]Choi HS,Yun JW,Kim HJ,et al. Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome after childbirth:a case report[J]. Ann Transl Med,2021,9(1):79.
[23]Myall NJ,Lei AQ,Wakelee HA. Safety of lorlatinib following alectinib-induced pneumonitis in two patients with ALK-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer:a case series[J]. Transl Lung Cancer Res,2021,10(1):487-495.
未完待续......
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AME旗下13本期刊最新影响因子|2021年6月
本文作者:张开平 AME Publishing Company
校对人员:林 瑶 AME Publishing Company
杨芳慧 AME Publishing Company
尚炳含 AME Publishing Company
责任编辑:黄冰滢 AME Publishing Company
排版编辑:袁 舒 AME Publishing Company
b.01. 20 22. 03.08.01
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